Friday, December 2, 2016

Personal grooming 1: The pain of separation

Who knew that one could squeeze such a huge amount of romance, heartache, and social commentary into a short description of a hair-cut?!

Devanagari script:
एते कूर्चकचाः सकङ्कणरणत्कर्णाटसीमन्तिनी-
-हस्ताकर्षणलालिताः प्रतिदिनं प्राप्ताः परामुन्नतिम्|
तेमी सम्प्रति पापिनापितकरभ्राम्यत्क्षुरप्रानन-
-क्षुण्णाः क्षोणितले पतन्ति परितः कॢप्तापराधा इव||

Harvard-Kyoto transliteration:

ete kUrcakacAH sakaGkaNaraNatkarNATasImantinI-
-hastAkarSaNalAlitAH pratidinaM prAptAH parAmunnatim| 
te(a)mI samprati pApinApitakarabhrAmyatkSuraprAnana-
-kSuNNAH kSoNitale patanti paritaH klRptAparAdhA iva||
– Anonymous

Loose translation: These bunches of hair, that used to be caressed every day with (mild) tugs by the hands, adorned with clanking bangles, of (my) Kannada wife and had grown to a great height, are now falling upon the ground all around me after being struck by the razor brandished by (this) sinful barber as if they were guilty of a crime.

Source: 17th century Anyokti Muktaavali Section (परिच्छेद) 8 Verse 29.

Notes: The poet seems to be comparing the act of trimming one's hair to the unjust treatment of exalted souls (प्राप्ताः परामुन्नतिम्) at the hands of the wicked (पापि-– the kind of treatment that should rightfully be meted out only to criminals (कॢप्तापराधा).

A few comments on my choice of words are in order. 
  • kUrca (कूर्च) can refer to a beard in particular or a bunch in general; I have interpreted कूर्चकचाः as the karmadharaya (कर्मधारय) compound "hair-in-bunches" since the poet uses प्राप्ताः पराम् उन्नतिम् to qualify this word, and unnati (उन्नति) literally means "height / elevation"; however, unnati can also denote increase or growth in general (for instance, it is used to describe the development of female breasts), so कूर्चकचाः in this context could also be read as a dvandva (द्वन्द्व) compound meaning "beard and hair of the head".
  • Napita (नापित) is the name given to a caste of traditional personal groomers in many parts of South Asia, and is usually translated as "barber". But the professional skills  of these people have included not just shaving and hairdressing but also paring nails, cleaning ears, and perhaps, in earlier times, bloodletting as well. Members of this caste have historically been looked down upon by many, and have often been lampooned by Sanskrit authors for various reasons. You might want to check this out.
  • -करभ्राम्यत्क्षुरप्राननक्षुण्णाः is an interesting word choice. करभ्राम्यत् obviously describes the swift movements of the razor-wielding barber's deft hand all around the customer-poet's head. आनन is face or mouth (/ snout / muzzle / beak), and its synonym मुख is also used to denote a tip or even an edge. However, the correct word for razor is क्षुर although our author seems to have used क्षुरप्र which, more appropriately, denotes a razor-sharp weapon (e.g. an arrow-head) or agricultural implement (e.g. a spade). This is perhaps hyperbole or just an instance of using a little poetic license to fit the metrical scheme. Or perhaps, the compound should be split as क्षुर+प्रानन, the latter being a word coined by the poet to denote the front part of an object, inspired by words like प्रमुख and प्रपद.
  • Finally, we come to कॢप्तापराधा. The printed version I found has कृप्तापराधा which, I believe, is a scribal or printing error. कृतापराधा would be appropriate and natural except that it would not fit the meter shardulavikridita (शार्दूलविक्रीडित).

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